Products related to Overproduction:
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Periodic Crises of Overproduction (1913)
The aim of Albert Aftalion’s Periodic Crises of Overproduction is to lay the analytical building blocks of a medium-term approach to the theory and policy of economic fluctuations.Aftalion builds his theory on a disaggregated (structural) representation of the economic system that overcomes the conventional micro-macro dichotomy.This analysis eschews both the explanation of crises in terms of cumulative processes triggered by long-term factors and that in terms of purely contingent mismatches and ruptures.Aftalion highlights features such as lack of synchronization between sectors, different time horizons between socio-economic groups, and dissimilar speeds of change between production and consumption units.His approach draws key analytical concepts (such as the accelerator principle) from a detailed investigation of the interdependencies and temporal asymmetries of an industrial economy.It is an enlightening complement to Keynes’ General Theory.
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General and Periodic Crises of Overproduction
Jean Lescure’s two-volume General and Periodic Crises of Overproduction is a pioneering study of the causes and consequences of industrial crises in capitalist economies in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.The author, who held doctorates in political economy and law, is most remembered as a founder of the French historical school and a staunch advocate of empiricism in the economic sciences.Lescure called his approach the ’complex historical method’, by which he sought to revise classical and quantitative economic theory through the historical analysis and statistical observation of cyclical phenomena.Ever the controversialist, Lescure wrote in an engaging style, accessible to non-specialists and economists alike, and critiqued the leading monetary theorists of the period, insisting that observation of the movements in production costs, industrial orders and profits be given priority over circulation and credit in understanding the periodic crises of capitalist economies.In Lescure’s view, crises were inevitable in both market and command economies and their onset and consequences were predictable with the help of the more detailed production statistics newly available to economists and entrepreneurs at the time.Observation of corporate profits, the margin between cost price and selling price, provided the means to predict crises and measure their impact, not only on industry and trade but also on the working classes who would endure unemployment and the many social ills that accompany it.Lescure, unlike many of the liberal economists of the time, was always careful to include in his historical account statistical analysis of unemployment figures, as well as those on crime, marriage and birth rates, homelessness and suicide.Although he remained sceptical of government intervention in the form of monetary policies adjusting the money supply, and lauded the success of industrial concentration and trusts in reducing costs and prices, Lescure admitted the state’s role in the recovery of the 1930s, when social insurance schemes and investment in public works mitigated the worst effects of unemployment for industrial labour. This treatise, which grew out of his doctoral work, was a lifetime project for Lescure, who updated it periodically over five editions, to include each new cycle of growth, crisis, depression and recovery.Volume one provides a historical study of economic crises from the post-Napoleonic period through the Great Depression and the recovery of the late 1930s. Volume two offers a critique of the theories of crises, their causes and potential remedies, in which Lescure outlines his preference for ‘organic’ theories that focus on the production process and qualitative statistical observation of the movements in costs, selling prices, industrial orders and profits. The text of the fifth edition appears here in English for the first time, unabridged and complete with editorial materials designed to help the English reader understand the work on its own terms and situate its author’s prominent place in the history of economic thought.
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The Overproduction of Truth : Passion, Competition, and Integrity in Modern Science
The way science is done has changed radically in recent years.Scientific research and institutions, which have long been characterized by passion, dedication and reliability, have increasingly less capacity for more ethical pursuits, and are pressed by hard market laws.From the vocation of a few, science has become the profession of many -- possibly too many.These trends come with consequences and risks, such as the rise in fraud, plagiarism, and in particular the sheer volume of scientific publications, often of little relevance.The solution? A slow approach with more emphasis on quality rather than quantity that will help us to rediscover the essential role of the responsible scientist. This work is a critical review and assessment of present-day policies and behavior in scientific production and publication.It touches on the tumultuous growth of scientific journals, in parallel with the growth of self-declared scientists over the world.The author's own reflections and experiences help us to understand the mechanisms of contemporary science.Along with personal reminiscences of times past, the author investigates the loopholes and hoaxes of pretend journals and nonexistent congresses, so common today in the scientific arena.The book also discusses the problems of bibliometric indices, which have resulted in large part from the above distortions of scientific life.
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Investing in Bonds For Dummies
Improve the strength of your portfolio with this straightforward guide to bond investing Investing in Bonds For Dummies introduces you to the basics you need to know to get started with bond investing.You’ll find details on understanding bond returns and risks, and recognizing the major factors that influence bond performance.Unlike some investing vehicles, bonds typically pay interest on a regular schedule, so you can use them to provide an income stream while you protect your capital.This easy-to-understand guide will show you how to incorporate bonds into a diversified portfolio and a solid retirement plan.Learn the ins and outs of buying and selling bonds and bond fundsUnderstand the risks and potential rewards in corporate bonds, government bonds, and beyondDiversify your portfolio by using bonds to balance stocks and other investmentsGain the fundamental information you need to make smart bond investment choicesThis Dummies investing guide is great for investors looking for a resource to help them understand, evaluate, and incorporate bonds into their current investment portfolios.
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What happens with overproduction?
Overproduction occurs when a company produces more goods or services than there is demand for in the market. This can lead to excess inventory, which can result in storage costs and potential wastage. Overproduction can also lead to price reductions in an attempt to sell the excess inventory, which can impact the company's profitability. Additionally, overproduction can strain the company's resources and lead to inefficiencies in the production process.
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What causes a constant overproduction of stomach acid?
A constant overproduction of stomach acid can be caused by a variety of factors, including certain medications, stress, smoking, and a diet high in spicy or fatty foods. Medical conditions such as gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome can also lead to excessive stomach acid production. Additionally, certain lifestyle factors such as obesity and excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to an overproduction of stomach acid. It is important to identify the underlying cause of the overproduction in order to effectively manage and treat the condition.
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What is the cause of overproduction of stomach acid?
The overproduction of stomach acid can be caused by a variety of factors, including stress, certain medications (such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids), excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and certain medical conditions such as gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Additionally, consuming spicy or acidic foods, caffeine, and large meals can also stimulate the production of stomach acid. It's important to identify and address the underlying cause of overproduction of stomach acid in order to effectively manage the condition.
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What happens in women when there is an overproduction of estrogen?
When there is an overproduction of estrogen in women, it can lead to a condition called estrogen dominance. This can cause symptoms such as irregular menstrual periods, heavy bleeding, breast tenderness, weight gain, mood swings, and fatigue. It can also increase the risk of developing conditions such as endometriosis, fibroids, and breast cancer. It is important for women experiencing symptoms of estrogen dominance to seek medical advice and treatment to help balance their hormone levels.
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Moving Beyond Modern Portfolio Theory : Investing That Matters
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Why have the bonds in my portfolio, which are securities, lost the most value, even though they are EU government bonds considered safe investment havens?
The value of bonds in your portfolio may have decreased due to changes in interest rates. When interest rates rise, the value of existing bonds decreases because they are paying lower interest rates than newly issued bonds. This is known as interest rate risk. Even though EU government bonds are considered safe investments, they are still subject to fluctuations in interest rates, which can impact their value. Additionally, other factors such as economic conditions, inflation expectations, and market sentiment can also affect the value of bonds in your portfolio.
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How does investing in bonds differ from investing in a bank account?
Investing in bonds involves purchasing debt securities issued by governments or corporations, which pay a fixed interest rate over a specified period of time. In contrast, investing in a bank account typically involves depositing money into a savings or checking account, where it earns a variable interest rate set by the bank. Bonds generally offer higher potential returns than bank accounts, but they also carry a higher level of risk. Additionally, bonds have a maturity date, while bank accounts provide more immediate access to funds.
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Why have the bonds in my portfolio, which are securities, lost the most value, even though they are EU government bonds considered as safe investment havens?
The value of EU government bonds in your portfolio may have decreased due to a variety of factors such as changes in interest rates, inflation expectations, or market sentiment. Even though EU government bonds are generally considered safe investment havens, they are still subject to market fluctuations and can lose value in certain economic conditions. Additionally, global events, economic uncertainty, or changes in government policies can also impact the value of these securities. It's important to monitor the market and economic conditions to understand the reasons behind the decrease in value of your bond holdings.
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Is it worth investing in Ukraine's war bonds?
Investing in Ukraine's war bonds can be a way to show support for the country during its conflict with Russia, but it also comes with risks. The situation in Ukraine is volatile and the outcome of the conflict is uncertain, which could affect the value of the bonds. Additionally, there may be concerns about the stability of the Ukrainian economy and the government's ability to repay the bonds. Therefore, investing in Ukraine's war bonds should be carefully considered and individuals should weigh the potential risks and rewards before making a decision.
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